Background. Retroperitoneal tumors are rare, heterogeneous malignant neoplasms. Due to the low sensitivity of tumor to chemoradiation, surgical resection is the only curative treatment method for retroperitoneal sarcomas. Performance of radical surgery improves the outcome for these patients. There are little data about the results of the treatment of the patients who underwent en bloc resection of the retroperitoneal tumors combined with the resection of large vessel.

Aim. To analyze surgical and oncological outcomes of treatment retroperitoneal neoplasms with vascular involvement. 

Materials and methods. From 2019 to 2022, 27 patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas underwent surgical treatment with the resection of large vessels during the period.

Results. The average diameter of the tumors was 17 (11–39) cm. The most common histological type was moderately differentiated liposarcoma (33.4 %), followed by pleomorphic liposarcoma (22.2 %), highly differentiated (18.5 %), undifferentiated sarcoma (18.5 %), leiomyosarcoma (7.4 %). Resection of the suprarenal segment of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with prosthetics was performed in 4 cases, resection of the renal segment with renal vein reimplantation – in 1 case, resection of the infrarenal segment of the IVC with prosthetics – in 8 cases. A synthetic prosthesis was used as a conduit in all cases. Tangential resection of the suprarenal IVC portion was performed in 1 patient, infrarenal portion – in 5 patients. A resection of the infrarenal IVC portion was performed without reconstruction in 1 case. Resection of the iliac vein was required in 6 patients; in one case the resection of the arterial iliac segment and prosthetics was added. Complete resection (R0–R1) was achieved in 85.2 % of the cases. The incidence of postoperative complications went as far as 25.9 % with no postoperative mortality. Despite ongoing anticoagulant therapy, the frequency of thrombosis in venous reconstruction zone in the early postoperative period (1 month) was 7.4 %. The median relapse-free survival was 16 months, and the median of overall survival was not achieved.

Conclusion. Combined operations with the excision of retroperitoneal malignancies and angioplasty have explicitly acceptable level of postoperative complications and mortality. Eradication of retroperitoneal tumor with large vessels invasion allows to enlarge the life expectancy of patients often considered to be inoperable.

Background. One of the most common malignant tumors is colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer is characterized by frequent metastasis to the liver, lungs, peritoneum and distant lymph nodes, and therefore its treatment is complicated. Therefore, it is urgent to search for new drugs and treatment methods based on the molecular mechanisms underlying metastatic colorectal cancer.

Aim. To study the mechanism of action of cytostatic drug regimens with the addition of lysine acridone acetate to increase the effectiveness of anti-oncogenic chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer.

Materials and methods. We used mice of Nude line at the age of 4 weeks with inoculated tumor cells of SW837 line, which were administered chemotherapy drugs (FOLFOXIRI и FOLFOX6). On biopsy samples of liver metastases, the apoptosis level (TUNEL) and the expression of proteins CD95, p53, BCL2, histone H3, Ki-67 (immunohistochemistry) were assessed.

Results. An activating effect of the studied therapeutic regimens was revealed, which was more active with the addition of lysine acridone acetate, on the development of p53-dependent apoptosis and the expression of H3K27me3 (a marker of treatment effectiveness and tumor progression) in colorectal cancer metastases in the liver of experimental mice. At the same time, the level of cancer cell proliferation (Ki-67 expression) decreased.

Conclusion. Increased apoptosis in mouse liver metastases, as well as a decrease in cancer cell proliferation when using these drug regimens should be regarded as a positive therapeutic effect. A p53-dependent mechanism of apoptosis activation under the influence of appropriate treatment regimens has been revealed. Lysine acridone acetate may be preferable for clinical study.

Study of molecular and genetic features of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) suggests differential approach to treatment of this aggressive B-cell disorder characterized by short remission after each subsequent therapy line. Therefore, more effective regimens should be used at earlier stages. Identification of biological markers and their integration into prognostic scales can help to personalize therapy, especially in patients with high risk of quick progression and increase survival.

Our own experience of using immunoconjugate polatuzumab vedotin in therapy of patients with DLBCL. The use of Pola-BR combination in a patient with refractory non-GCB DLBCL allowed to achieve full remission alongside satisfactory tolerability and absence of significant adverse events. An evaluation of the Pola-R-CHP regimen in treatment of a patient with newly diagnosed generalized GCB DLBCL is presented.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a blood tumor characterized by aggressive clinical progression with characteristic clinical and laboratory signs (typical tumor cell morphology, severe hemorrhagic syndrome, hemorrhages with hematoma formation, excessive fibrinolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome) but modern approaches to therapy potentially make this disease fully curable. APL is considered one of the most studied subtypes of acute leukemia and is characterized by abnormal proliferation of promyelocytes in the bone marrow. The morphologic picture of APL is quite diverse, but an increased basophil count represents a rare manifestation that requires further study and understanding of its significance. Currently, there are limited scientific data on the clinical course and response to standard therapy in patients with APL presenting with basophilia.

In recent decades, groundbreaking methods of diagnosis and treatment were developed leading to significantly increased life span of patients with malignant neoplasms. Among patients treated for cancer, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death not associated with cancer. Early identification of cardiotoxicity is very important as it allows to apply early prevention measures and modify antitumor treatment schemes. Prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity are possible only with a functioning multidisciplinary team including oncologists and cardiologists. Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart plays a significant role in monitoring the condition of cardiovascular system during antitumor treatment. This technique allows to obtain accurate characteristics of the tissues and evaluate myocardial perfusion without radiation exposure.

Uterine cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases among female population. Surgical treatment is the main part of therapy but the question of lymph node dissection volume in patients with intermediate risk of uterine cancer metastasis remains open.

The article considers the concept of sentinel lymph node, anatomical characteristics of uterine lymphatic system. Description of various techniques for identification of sentinel lymph nodes, as well as clinical trial data evaluating their diagnostic effectiveness and sensitivity, are presented. Comparative analysis of the techniques and their combinations, drug administration routes is performed.

To date, the etiological causes of adverse outcomes associated with cardiovascular diseases and concomitant colorectal cancer in one patient, especially over 60 years of age, are multifactorial: from undiagnosed timely above-mentioned pathological conditions to poor adherence to treatment. It is a multi-level approach that is the future guarantee of reducing the burden on public health as a result of these most common nosologies.

The aim of the work is to evaluate discussions between different experts with an analysis of fundamental and clinical studies based on world literature in the search for new prospects for the treatment of patients with cardiovascular pathology and comorbid colorectal cancer based on the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota.

A literature search was conducted in the PubMed electronic database using the keywords: intestinal microbiota, cardio-oncology, oncosurgery, colorectal cancer, cardiovascular diseases. Additional sources were identified through literature cross-referencing. Search period: 2023.

The gut microbiome is a potential marker for better risk stratification of cardiovascular diseases, colorectal cancer, and prediction of shortand long-term major adverse cardiovascular and cancer events. To develop clear recommendations and conclusions, additional research is required.